PN Adult Medical Surgical Practice Exam

Which condition is identified as a risk factor for developing vascular disease?

1. Rheumatoid arthritis

2. Diabetes mellitus

3. Myasthenia gravis

4. Crohn's disease

The correct answer is: Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is identified as a significant risk factor for developing vascular disease due to its association with several metabolic changes that adversely affect blood vessels. Individuals with diabetes often experience high blood sugar levels over time, which can lead to damage to the endothelial lining of blood vessels. This damage promotes atherosclerosis, characterized by the buildup of plaques in arteries, narrowing them and increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications such as heart attacks and strokes. Furthermore, diabetes is often accompanied by other risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels), which further exacerbate the likelihood of developing vascular issues. Effective management of blood glucose levels, along with lifestyle modifications, can significantly reduce the risk of vascular disease in individuals with diabetes. In contrast, while rheumatoid arthritis can lead to inflammation that may affect cardiovascular health, it is not as directly correlated as diabetes. Myasthenia gravis primarily affects neuromuscular transmission and is not linked to vascular disease. Crohn's disease, although potentially leading to complications in the gastrointestinal system, does not have the same recognized impact on vascular health as diabetes mellitus.